Effects of Caffeine on the Body - 869 Words

Caffeine and the effects on the body The American Medical Association Council of Scientific, states that moderate tea or coffee drinking is not harmful to your health as long as you have other good health habits (NIH 1). Research shows that caffeine is a substance that is found in certain plants. It can also be manmade and added to foods. It’s a central nervous system stimulant and a diuretic (substance that helps rid the body of fluids) (NIH 2). Functions of caffeine, it’s absorbed and passes quickly into the brain. It does not collect in the bloodstream, or gets stored in the body; it leaves the body in the urine many hours after it has been consumed (NHI 3) WebMD research states that caffeine is most commonly used to improve mental alertness. Caffeine can be used by mouth or rectally or in combinations with pain killers, for simple headaches and after epidural anesthesia. Some people use caffeine for asthma, gallbladder disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, shortness of breath in newborns and decrease in blood pressure. Caffeine is also used for weight loss and type two diabetes. Taking caffeine within limits is allowed by the National Collegiate Association. Urine concentrations over 15mcg/ml are prohibited. It takes most people about 8 cups of coffee providing 100mg/cup to reach this urine concentrations. The bestselling book: The antioxidant prescription, How to use the power of Antioxidant to prevent diseases and stay healthy for life. By Bryce Wylde.Show MoreRelatedThe Effect of Caffeine on Body Temperature1946 Words   |  8 PagesThe aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of caffeine on resting body temperature. This has to do with homeostasis, which is the maintenance of equilibrium. In other words, it is a stable body state. Homeostasis refers to the process of keeping the internal body environment in a steady state, when the external environment is changed (Homeostasis 2). Humans are warm-blooded creatures that generate body heat internally and maintain body temperatures at a fairly constant level – about 98Read MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Human Body Essay2053 Words   |  9 Pageshave been addicted to caffeine. It started out with drinking diet coke which was my mother’s drink of choice, and then slowly as time went on it turned into Coca-Cola. I have experienced the harsh withdrawals that come with caffeine like the headaches, irritability, and those lovely morning shakes telling me that I need caffeine. The headaches and the shakes finally got so bad to the point where I needed coke in the morning just to function. At that point I realized that caffeine was probably not veryRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Body Metabolism2013 Words   |  9 PagesCaffeine is one of the most prevalent drugs consumed around the world, and is frequently used by athletes in efforts to enhance their performance. It is defined by the Medical Dictionary as â€Å"A bitter white alkaloid, C8H10N4O2 that stimulates the central nervous system and body metabolism† (2010). Some believe that increasing their caffeine intake will then improve their energy and endurance levels during long-term sporting events such as running, biking, or swimming. Caffeine is found in an assortmentRead More The Effects of Caffeine on the Human Body Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesCaffeine has many negative effects on humans, such as increased heart rate (Lane, J.D., 2002), depression (Goldstein, 2008), and addiction to this â€Å"drug.† You may be asking yourself, â€Å"What is caffeine?† Well, caffeine is actually a stimulant (Barone, Roberts, 2008) that is found in beverages such as tea, coffee, and soft drinks. In fact, caffeine is the highest grossing and most used stimulant in the United States (Barone, Roberts, 2008). It is estimated that 85% of adults living in the United StatesRead MoreThe Effects Of Caffeine On Human Brain And Body1825 Words   |  8 PagesCaffeine is a drug that has been studied for many years to learn more about how it effects the human brain and body. There have been many answers and yet there are still more answers to be found as scientists today continue to understand the effects of caffeine. We will look what parts of the brain involve sleep, how caffeine effects the brain and the body an d try to determine if caffeine is a serious health threat or not. Adenosine also known as ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate which accordingRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1454 Words   |  6 Pagesanxiety issues could make that problem for them worse. It is advised if the person does have this issue to use caffeine very carefully. There are many diseases that could possible get worse with the use of caffeine. Bipolar, Bleeding disorders, heart conditions, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, glaucoma, osteoporosis, these are all diseases that could possibly be worsened by the use of caffeine or products with. In young adults drinking 4 or more cups of coffee significantly could risk heart attack andRead MoreCaffeine Synthesis1722 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Many Americans have included caffeine as a part of their daily diet whether they realize it or not. In fact, â€Å"caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world† (Ruxton How is this instead (Caffeine is especially common throughout†¦) 15). It is found very especially commonly throughout every day foods and consumed mostly though through coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate (Spiller 200). Many Americans participate in the use of caffeine; it is estimated that 90% of adultsRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1328 Words   |  6 Pages Today how many people drink caffeine daily and do not realize the harmful effects of doing so? Caffeine is found in many common drinks consumed by both adults and children on a daily basis. People are not concerned with the impact of caffeine on their bodies. Caffeine is addictive and the brain will become dependent on it to keep the mind awake. Caffeine keeps the body from falling asleep by blocking the adenosine receptors; adenosine is what makes the person sleepy. Caffeinated drinks are especiallyRead MoreCaffeine And How It Effects Your Health1497 Words   |  6 Pages Caffeine and how it Effects Your Health Many people have their opinions on how much caffeine one should intake in a day. Some carefully watch their diet and some don’t even care what they are putting in to their body. Many different people have different thoughts about caffeine and there are several answers why they think that way. The people that don’t consume caffeine often usually try to stay away from it because they see the disadvantages to consuming caffeine. They think that the cons outweighRead MoreCaffeine: Does it Harm the Body? Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesSeveral people rely on caffeine to wake them up or give them a boost of energy when they feel down. Acting as a stimulant, caffeine not only improves concentration and focus, but also stops fatigue (Staff 1). Considered the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world, approximately 90 percent of adults consume it daily (â€Å"MedicineNet.com† 1). But do caffeine buyers really stop to evaluate the possinle harmful effects on their body? Health scares similar to this are not recent. In fact, they

Do Not Stigmatize Same-Sex Marriages as Inferior by Not...

In today’s society, it is hard to define what is known as a â€Å"traditional marriage†. Considering the popularity of marriages that are arranged on the basis of polygamy, communal child rearing, and even the use of mistresses, homosexual marriage should not be considered â€Å"unnatural†. For many people, it is hard to understand how any individual can love someone of their same gender. Nonetheless despite the percentage of the population that is muddled by the act, same sex marriage should be legalized because denying them that right sends the message that it is acceptable to treat gays as inferior and unworthy. Not only that, same sex marriage encourages strong family values and financial gain to state and federal governments. Denying†¦show more content†¦Gay marriages can also provide financial profit to state and local governments. The revenue collected from gay marriages comes from none other than marriage licenses, higher income taxes (the marria ge penalty), and decreases in costs for state benefit programs. Just as heterosexual couples, married gays also are subject to these federal excises. Consequently, they also receive the same benefits. The Comptroller for New York City found that over a period of three years, legalizing gay marriage would bring a total of $142 million to the City’s economy and $210 million to the State’s economy. Treating same-sex couples as families under law benefits taxpayers by saving them money. The reason being that marriage would require them to assume legal responsibility for their joint living expenses and reduce their dependence on public assistance programs such as Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income, and food stamps. Inevitably there are those who feel uncomfortable to have their tax money used to support something they do not personally believe in or find appropriate, but the bottom line is how the money will be used to help support the nation. One point that many people

M2 Compare the Effectiveness of Different Teams Free Essays

Amy Waldock Amy Waldock M2 compare the effectiveness of different teams Clarifying objects in my team we clarified objectives by listening to the team leader and the man in charge of the activities at Blacklands farm and asking him questions about the activities to make sure that everyone fully understood everything. Compared to my team in the bridge building challenge we listened to the team leader and asked questions a lot more so therefore the work done at Blacklands farm was a lot more successful. Agreeing tasks at Blacklands farm we agreed on the tasks by communicating with each team member to get everyone’s point of view to make sure that everyone got a say in to what they thought, by doing this it meant that everyone in the team agreed on the approach to the task. We will write a custom essay sample on M2 Compare the Effectiveness of Different Teams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes someone would disagree with an idea which could cause conflict in the group, we dealt with this by taking a vote and going with what was voted the most. When doing the bridge building challenge because my group only consisted of three people there was less conflict in the group because it was easier for us to agree on the task, it was also easier because we had a team leader so we just went along with what he said. Valuing people valuing people was very important at Blacklands farm because the tasks set were very full on and physically hard so it was essential that every team member was valued as an individual and involved because with tasks such as the spider’s web every bit of help was needed. Even though the bridge building challenge wasn’t as physical it was still very important that each team member was valued equally because the task involved a lot of concentration and tactical skills. Being receptive to feedback at Blacklands farm we did a task that we failed on a number of times so our team leader stopped us and gave us feedback on what we was doing right and what we was doing wrong and what we could do to complete the task more quickly and easily. Me and my team listened to our team leader and were receptive to his feedback and did as he said and to our advantage completed the task. When doing the bridge building challenge we were given feedback on ways of how to complete the challenge more quickly and successfully, unfortunately me and my group did not pay attention to the feedback and therefore our bridge was not completed in time. Maintaining focus maintaining focus at Blacklands farm was important for a lot of the tasks because if focus was lost it could affect the whole team and make a certain task fail, at times it was hard to maintain a focus because of cold weather and muddy conditions. To maintain a focus we pulled together as a group and were motivated by our team leader and team members. It was hard to maintain a focus when doing the bridge building challenge for my group because at times each team member would get frustrated when things weren’t going as planned, we maintained a focus by thinking of the prize that could be won to whoevers bridge could hold the most amount of glue sticks. Encouraging other team members to recommend improvements this was important at Blacklands farm because if there was something in the task that wasn’t going to plan it could be changed and improved for the better of the group. When doing the bridge building challenge it wasn’t as important to encourage a team member to recommend improvements because there was only three people in our group and we voted on who should be team leader so we was confident that who we had chosen knew what was right so we went with what they said. Dealing with conflict at Blacklands farm because my team worked very well together so there was hardly any conflict, but if there was conflict we dealt with this by discussing the problem together as a group and then discussing what would be the best approach to the problem and if necessarily to take a vote. If there was any conflict whilst doing the bridge building challenge we dealt with this by letting the matter fall into the team leaders hand and letting them decide the best option for the group, by doing this it avoided more conflict. Communication methods at Blacklands farm we communicated by asking questions to make sure that everything was covered and so that everyone had a good understanding of the task, we also listened to each team member when they spoke to maintain a good communication within the whole team. At times we used body language to communicate with team members by using expressions as thumbs up and thumbs down to indicate yes or no. We also had to use body language in one task where we were asked to get in a line according to birth date but without talking so in this task we used our hands to indicate numbers. Unlike at Blacklands farm when doing the bridge building challenge we weren’t asked to do anything without talking so body language wasn’t as necessary, we still had to constantly ask questions and listen to team members to maintain a good relationship in the team and to make sure that communication was maintained. How to cite M2 Compare the Effectiveness of Different Teams, Essay examples

Essential Nursing Care Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question: Discuss about the case study of Essential Nursing Care for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Answer: Introduction The assignment is a case study report on Luigi, an Italian man who is living in Australia since 40 years. He has worked as an accountant before his retirement. The purpose of this report is to identify the chronic ailment in patient and discuss the pathophysiology of the diagnosed illness in the patient. It will also give detail on the manifestation of each diagnosed illness in the patient. It will also give information about the complexities of the patient's condition. It will identify the interaction between patient's co-morbidities and how it can have an impact on the patient's family. Pathophysiology of disease The case study is on Luigi, a 77-year Italian man living in Australia. His health has declined over the years due to poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. He takes Metformin for controlling his diabetes. Although he is overweight, he does not pay attention to his diet and leads a sedentary lifestyle. His vision is blurring, and his ankles are swelling. He also has high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Further investigation revealed that he suffers from chronic renal failure. This section is a discussion of pathophysiology and clinical manifestation identified in the patient. Two significant chronic conditions diagnosed in the patient were type 2 diabetes and chronic renal failure. Type 2 diabetes is associated with the inability of the body to produce adequate insulin to meet the demands of the body. Patients with Type 2 diabetes develops insulin resistance where muscle and liver cells may fail to respond to insulin. It will result in an abnormal rise in the blood glucose level. The disease is also aggravated by obesity and physical activity (Scheen, 2014). So, Luigi's type 2 diabetes might have been poorly controlled because of his obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The dysfunction in the body is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin production and excessive glucagon secretion. Type 2 diabetes is asymptomatic, but clinical manifestations include polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, and blurred vision and yeast infection. Luigi also had blurred vision due to type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes occurs due to complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore two primary defect pathophysiological abnormalities in type 2 diabetes are the -cell failure and insulin resistance (Kahn et al., 2014). The glucose regulation pathway is dependent on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. The progression of Type 2 diabetes occurs due to a continuous decline in -cell function. Insulin resistance in patients develops due to the elevated level of proinflammatory cytokines in plasma and fatty acids. Diabetes develops in those patients who cannot increase insulin secretion to balance insulin resistance. -cell dysfunction is a major factor in diabetes development, and it may develop in the early stage of the pathologic process. -cell fail to compensate insulin resistance. The -cell function is dependent on -cell mass and its secretory capacity. Therefore loss of -function might be due to lipotoxicity, insulin resistance and pre-existing genetically determined risk. Firstly, normal glucose tolerance proceeds to abnormal glucose tolerance. Then fasting hyperglycemia develops due to the failure of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Insulin resistance develops mainly due to obesity. The risk of diab etes is also high in patients with high plasma concentration of 3 amino acids (Meier Bonadonna, 2013). Luigi was finally diagnosed with chronic renal failure after urine and blood test. The symptoms are not visible until severe damage to the kidney. Common symptoms of chronic renal failure include increased urination at night, cloudy urine, edema (in hands and feet), high blood pressure, fatigue, shortness of breath and loss of appetite. Luigi also had high pressure and swelling in the leg which is a manifestation of chronic renal failure. Severe complications include anemia, hypertension, brittle bones, edema, the risk of bleeding and seizures. Luigi might have developed renal failure due to his poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes. Poor control of glucose gradually damages the function of kidneys. High blood pressure is also a leading cause of damage to the kidney (Popolo et al., 2013). IgA nephropathy is a cause for end-stage renal failure. Diabetes and high blood pressure destroy the small blood vessels in the body. Pathologic features of renal failure are fibrosis, loss of renal cel ls and infiltration of renal tissue by monocytes and macrophages. Proteinuria, hypoxia, and Angiotensin II production all lead to kidney failure. Angiotensin II is responsible for glomerular hypertension thereby damaging the kidney (Levey Coresh, 2012). The predisposing factors of the chronic condition are aging, congenital kidney defect, family history of renal failure, an autoimmune disorder. Precipitating factors like exposure to a toxin and particular medication, sedentary lightly and high residue diet is also responsible for manifestations of the disease condition (Gansevoort et al., 2013). Discussion on chronicity and complexity of condition Patient with diabetes is at increased risk of comorbidities like hypertension due to change in cardiac structure, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia. Patients like Luigi who have poor diabetic control may develop the risk of vascular complications. Diabetic control is poor in adolescent in spite of active follow up treatment. The progression of the disease is faster in obese children mainly due to the accumulation of lipids visceral compartment resulting in insulin resistance and reduced sensitivity of -cell. Several studies on patients with comorbid conditions like depression and type 2 Diabetes have also shown that mortality in such patient is high compared to a patient with diabetes alone (Luijks et al., 2012). As Luigi was finally diagnosed with chronic renal failure too, it has made his condition more complex and chronic. The common comorbidities associated chronic kidney disease are cardiovascular disease, anemia, malnutrition, depression, bone disorder and decreased functional status. Patients like Luigi are at more risk of dying due to the cardiovascular disease-related condition. Blood pressure control and glucose control is a vital factor in managing the comorbidities. However Luigi's blood pressure was also high and his diabetes was also poorly controlled. So, his condition was extremely complex in which immediate medical attention was necessary. It is also needed for Luigi to maintain his diet, increase physical activity and pharmacologic therapy. These activities will help him in controlling low-density lipoprotein cholesterol which is important to prevent cardiac disorder. Several patients with chronic renal failure develop anemia due to the improper synthesis of erythropoietin b y kidneys (Albrecht et al., 2016). Interaction of comorbidities Type 2 diabetes is a chronic illness for which continued medical attention and knowledge about preventing acute complication is necessary to minimize lifetime risk. Most patients with chronic kidney disease have been found to have one or more comorbidities that interact with each other. The first and second most significant conditions that have to lead to chronic renal failure in patients are diabetes and high blood pressure respectively. Luigi also had poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. These conditions were also responsible for his renal failure. Patients with type 2 diabetes are at more risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than patients without diabetes. These risk further augmented by other factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity in patients. This also suggests that it is critical for Luigi to maintain his weight and reduce obesity (Look AHEAD Research Group. 2013). It is evident that patients like Luigi with comorbidities often take multiple medicines. Therefore Luigi will have to manage his medications properly and do regular health check-ups because his poorly controlled diabetes was only the reason for his chronic renal failure. High blood sugar level can damage many parts of the body. In type 2 diabetes, pancreas synthesizes insulin, but the body is unable to use it properly . Due to diabetes, small blood vessels get damaged. Due to this, the kidney cannot clean blood purify blood properly. It leads to more retention of water and salt contributing to weight gain and ankle swelling. It becomes apparent now why Luigi was obese and had swollen foot. It also leads to more protein in the urine ( Similar condition also found in Luigi). Diabetes also damages nerves in the body which has an effect on the function of the bladder. When the bladder is not emptied, pressure resulting from full bladder injures the kidney. This explains the reason why a patient with type 2 diabetes is at more risk of developing kidney disease (Perkovic et al., 2013). This section will discuss the relation between diabetes and cardiovascular system. Blood is an essential part of the cardiovascular system whereas diabetes is a condition in which level of blood glucose rises. So, it is evident that there must be some link between the two. Diabetes and cardiovascular system disease are related to each other due to insulin resistance syndrome. The National Diabetes Surveillance system report also revealed that among 20 million people with diabetes in U.S., 5-6 million of them have the cardiovascular disease too. The commonly diagnoses cardiovascular disease included stroke, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease (Look AHEAD Research Group. 2013). Now based on the interaction of two ways by which comorbidities interact, it is necessary for such patients to manage treatment procedures properly. Luigi will have to follow suitable diet according to doctors advice. It will be necessary for him to have an open dialogue about his health with the physicians (Dunkler et al., 2013). Several modifications in risk factor will help Luigi to maintain health despite comorbidities. He will have to maintain his blood pressure and keep the BMI less than 27 to control his overall health condition. For proper maintenance of health, he will also have to do an annual urine test; retinal dilation test and biannual foot examination for sensation testing and pressure check (Copeland et al., 2013). A regular visit to the doctor should be his priority so that his improvement can be tracked by the doctor. Proper medication and advice from doctors will help Luigi in the long run. Lifestyle changes like increasing physical activity will be a crucial facto r in managing his diabetes. His treatment plan will include multiple drug therapy to reduce all the risk factors. Different types of insulin shots are available, and physician will help Luigi in choosing the best type for him. Since Luigi as developed renal failure, he will require a higher dose of insulin. Oral diabetes medication will assist in lowering blood glucose (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Older adults with diabetes are at more risk of cardiovascular disease. Lipid and blood pressure control will be an essential factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in Luigi. It will also depend on his overall health and frailty. Comprehensive education in self-management will also be necessary for him. The major component for self-management in Luigi will include self-monitoring of blood glucose, medical nutrition therapy, doing exercise regularly, Physiologically dependent insulin regimens or oral medications and periodic assessment of treatment goals. Metformin is also a common medicine prescribed to diabetes patients which Luigi was also taking (Inzucchi et al., 2014). It improves the sensitivity of body tissues to insulin and lowers glucose production in the urine. Other medications include Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, Thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, etc. will also stimulate pancreas to secrete more insulin. Luigi will also need to do regular exercise like ae robics for 30 minutes every day. Stretching and strength training will also be beneficial for him. Luigi should take low glycemic index food after consultation with a registered dietitian that will fit his health goals (Kohan et al., 2014). The chronicity will also have an impact on Luigis family member. Family members also live with the disease and has to manage their disease. It is necessary for family members to support them and take care of their diet. A patient who involves their families can share their emotional concern with them, and they are less risk of stress. Emotional support by family members also has an effect on adherence to treatment regimen. Diagnosis of diabetes contributes to anxiety for family members as the comorbidities are difficult to manage initially (Mayberry Osborn, 2012). However, once family members are aware of the condition, they will be able to make lives better for their closed one by making them adhere to treatment regimen. Conclusion The case study report has summarized the chronic condition of Luigi. It identified the major disease that the patient was suffering from and gave detail about the pathophysiology and clinical manifestation of each diagnosed illness. It has explained the chronicity and complexity of patients condition. It identified two possible interactions of comorbidities and gave detail about the impact of these comorbidities on patients and family members. It provided detail about the possible treatment and medications required in such patients. Once the patient has knowledge about ways of managing their clinical condition, they can improve their health after following a treatment regimen. Reference Albrecht, J. S., Park, Y., Hur, P., Huang, T. Y., Harris, I., Netzer, G., ... Moyo, P. (2016). Adherence to Maintenance Medications among Older Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Role of Depression.Annals of the American Thoracic Society, (ja). 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Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: a systematic review.Jama,312(24), 2668-2675. Kahn, S. E., Cooper, M. E., Del Prato, S. (2014). Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future.The Lancet,383(9922), 1068-1083. Kohan, D. E., Fioretto, P., Tang, W., List, J. F. (2014). Long-term study of patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment shows that dapagliflozin reduces weight and blood pressure but does not improve glycemic control.Kidney international,85(4), 962-971. Levey, A. S., Coresh, J. (2012). Chronic kidney disease.The Lancet,379(9811), 165-180. Look AHEAD Research Group. (2013). Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes.N engl J med,2013(369), 145-154. Luijks, H., Schermer, T., Bor, H., van Weel, C., Lagro-Janssen, T., Biermans, M., de Grauw, W. (2012). Prevalence and incidence density rates of chronic comorbidity in type 2 diabetes patients: an exploratory cohort study.BMC medicine,10(1), 1. Mayberry, L. S., Osborn, C. Y. (2012). Family support, medication adherence, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes care,35(6), 1239-1245. Meier, J. J., Bonadonna, R. C. (2013). Role of reduced -cell mass versus impaired -cell function in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes care,36(Supplement 2), S113-S119. Perkovic, V., Heerspink, H. L., Chalmers, J., Woodward, M., Jun, M., Li, Q., Mogensen, C. E. (2013). Intensive glucose control improves kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Kidney international,83(3), 517-523. Popolo, A., Autore, G., Pinto, A., Marzocco, S. (2013). Oxidative stress in patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic renal failure.Free radical research,47(5), 346-356. Scheen, A. J. (2014). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.Acta Clinica Belgica.